Quantum Zeno Effect

The quantum Zeno effect is a phenomenon in quantum physics where observing a particle prevents it from decaying as it would in the absence of the observation. Classical Zeno Paradox The name comes from the classic logical (and scientific) paradox presented by ancient philosopher Zeno of Elea. In one of the more straightforward formulations of this paradox, in order to reach any distant point, you have to cross half of the distance to that point. But to reach that, you have to cross half that distance. But first, half of that distance. And so forth... so that it turns out you actually have an infinite number of half-distances to cross and, therefore, you cant actually ever make it! Origins of the Quantum Zeno Effect The quantum Zeno effect was originally presented in the 1977 paper The Zenos Paradox in Quantum Theory (Journal of Mathematical Physics, PDF), written by Baidyanaith Misra and George Sudarshan. In the article, the situation described is a radioactive particle (or, as described in the original article, an unstable quantum system). According to quantum theory, there is a given probability that this particle (or system) will go through a decay in a certain period of time into a different state than the one in which it began. However, Misra and Sudarshan proposed a scenario in which repeated observation of the particle actually prevents the transition into the decay state. This may certainly be reminiscent of the common idiom a watched pot never boils, except instead of a mere observation about the difficulty of patience, this is an actual physical result that can be (and has been)  experimentally confirmed. How the Quantum Zeno Effect Works The physical explanation in quantum physics is complex, but fairly well understood. Lets begin by thinking of the situation as it just happens normally, without the quantum Zeno effect at work. The unstable quantum system described has two states, lets call them state A (the undecayed state) and state B (the decayed state). If the system is not being observed, then over time it will evolve from the undecayed state into a superposition of state A and state B, with the probability of being in either state being based on time. When a new observation is made, the wavefunction that describes this superposition of states will collapse into either state A or B. The probability of which state it collapses into is based on the amount of time that has passed. Its the last part which is key to the quantum Zeno effect. If you make a series of observations after short periods of time, the probability that the system will be in state A during each measurement is dramatically higher than the probability that the system will be in state B. In other words, the system keeps collapsing back into the undecayed state and never has time to evolve into the decayed state. As counter-intuitive as this sounds, this has been experimentally confirmed (as has the following effect). Anti-Zeno Effect There is evidence for an opposite effect, which is described in Jim Al-Khalilis Paradox as the quantum equivalent of staring at a kettle and making it come to the boil more quickly. While still somewhat speculative, such research goes to the heart of some of the most profound and possibly important areas of science in the twenty-first century, such as working toward building what is called a quantum computer. This effect has been  experimentally confirmed.

Buddhism The Four Noble Truths And The Eight Fold Path

INTRODUCTION In Buddhism, the religion evolves around the two basic concepts of Buddhist teachings – the Four Noble Truths and the Eight Fold Path. According to the oxford dictionary, a ritual is defined as, â€Å"a religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order.† In this religious faith, Buddhists value a plethora of teachings which, not only ties with the Noble teachings and the Eight Fold Path, but value key concepts of what should be evident – and to an extent, required – within a Buddhist ritual such as marriage. These are as such: Respect, wisdom, and love – all of which substantially correspond with marriage. Such concepts of the iconic ritual – on multiple levels – offer a thorough spiritual connection and bond that can be interpreted into an everyday Australian context. †¢ Oxford University Press. (2016). ritual. Retrieved February 25, 2016, from Oxford Dictionaries: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/ritual PARAGRAPH 1: The purpose of marriage in the Buddhist tradition The main purpose of a Buddhist wedding is about symbolizing the companionship between the bride and groom; to show the commitment of each other and express how their relationship is stemmed on true love. Namely, their relationship values the selflessness of the bride and groom, and would rather care less about receiving, but more about giving. As weddings are Rites of Communication, the sense of commitment and acceptanceShow MoreRelatedThe Psychology Of Buddhism And Buddhism1504 Words   |  7 Pages On the Psychology of Buddhism Jarrett C. Ettison Community College of Allegheny County On the Psychology of Buddhism Buddhism as a non-theistic religion dates back to antiquity, circa the 6th century BCE. Founded by its eponymous central figure Siddhartha Gautama—the Buddha— Buddhism is currently practice by millions of adherents world-wide, with a surging following in the United States. An epistemic shift toward empiricism and science is responsible for our contemporary rapprochement with theRead MoreBuddha And The Founder Of Buddhism1118 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"We are shaped by our thoughts; we become what we think. When the mind is pure, joy follows like a shadow that never leaves† This quote from Siddhartha Gautama, known as Buddha and the founder of Buddhism, is a perfect representation of Buddhist beliefs. Buddhism is a strict religion with various guidelines one must follow. The Buddhists believe that they are each born-again many times and their main goal is to end this cycle of rebirth. One can do so by living each life better than the last,Read MoreSiddhartha I s The Basis Of Buddhism897 Words   |  4 PagesSiddhartha, or more commonly recognized as Buddha, is the basis of Buddhism. Around 500 BC Buddha was prophesized to either to be a spiritual teacher or a worldly ruler. Siddhartha was hidden from agony and pain by his father who wanted him to rule all of India someday. This aspect allowed him to experience a life filled with wealth and fulfillment of desires. However, at 29 years of age he went out for chariot rides and saw 3 universal truths; a sick person (illness), old man (suffering) and a corpse (death)Read MoreBuddhism(Informative Speech)958 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Outline Topic: The Buddhism General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about some main beliefs of one of the most popular religions, the Buddhism. Thesis: From Buddhism to any individual, the Buddhism and Buddhist beliefs become one of the most influential religions in the world. i. Introduction A. Attention Getter: â€Å"God said, let there be light: and there was light.† For Christians, Jesus is their only God. However, as the founder of another famousRead MoreReligion Is A Controversial Topic Around The World1542 Words   |  7 Pagesgain knowledge about the common goal that religions share because once that is established it becomes easier to accept and understand the person. In particular, Buddhism, is more than just a religion. Buddhism, to its followers, is the way of life, or philosophy. Not understanding their religion is not understanding their life at all. Buddhism goes beyond meditation, practices and rituals, it is how a Buddhist lives, thinks and makes decisions. Buddhist believe that Siddhartha Gautama, the BuddhaRead MoreBuddhism : The Philosophy And Religion1426 Words   |  6 PagesBuddhism originated 2,500 years ago in India and today – is the prevailing world religion in the East. There are more than 360 million followers of Buddhism, including one million American followers. Buddhism has branched into a diverse selection of forms throughout its long history, however, all methods of Buddhism share an admiration for the teachings of Buddha with the ultimate focus on ending suffering (Religionfacts.com, 2015). In the 6th century BC, Siddhartha or Gautama Buddha was born inRead MoreBuddhism Is A Religion Of Escapism1001 Words   |  5 PagesBuddhism is a philosophy and a religion based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama who lived approximately 566 B.C.E. Today, Buddhism has millions of followers worldwide, known as Buddhists. (Ballou, 1976) Most practicing Buddhists believe in concepts such as karma, dharma, sams ara and nirvana. In addition to these, Buddhists base their lives and actions on the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold. Fortress (1999) explains that the name Buddha is a title that means â€Å"one who hasRead MoreHow Buddhism Has Impacted The World860 Words   |  4 Pagestime, Buddhism has impacted the world. Whether Buddhism is shaping culture or the culture is shaping Buddhism they both allow other influences to impact each other. Examples like the four noble truths and the two sub groups, Theravada and Mahayana, both showed how they impact Buddhism. Also, Hinduism had a big effect on Buddhism. The 4 Noble truths are the most basic teachings in Buddhism. The first of the 4 noble truths is that ordinary life brings about suffering. The second Noble truth tellsRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming978 Words   |  4 Pagesprogressively rising and speeding up. In Buddhism, the concept of nature is simple. The Dali Lama states â€Å"things depend on other things to exist.† Buddhism is a religion that focuses on life in its most simplest elements. Buddhism aims to awaken the mind and body and to enlighten the mind to a purer state of living that is both more spiritual and physically aware. The four noble truths are vital to understanding Buddhism. According to Buddahnet, the first noble truth centers on the concept that life isRead MoreReflection Questions On The Caste System1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe fact that the Brahmin (priest) are in a higher rank than the Kshatriya tells me that in Hinduism religious beliefs are an important part of their values. Reflection Questions: (short paragraph response) What makes the Eight-Fold Path difficult to grasp? The Eight-Fold Path consists of liberating the person from connections and delusions in this world to understand the reality about all things. This can be very difficult for a person to grasp because our desires and connection to the world become

Stuff for Echemendia Essay Example For Students

Stuff for Echemendia Essay #2The ancient grudge between the two families affects the whole city becausethey have to live in this atmosphere created by the two families fighting. In the movie, this effect was seen to full because it showed the twohouses servants starting a fight and then everyone else moving to theside, running into their houses, and closing their shutters, as if theyknew what would happen next. That is what the two families fighting causethe city. Fear. Fear that the city has against what the two families coulddo to each other could cause a civil war between the city, the Montagues,and the Capulets. #5The two men are different because Paris is more intent and lean towardsgetting married while Romeo is interested in the IDEA of love, romance,marrage, and seem to love the idea of doing dirty bad things with Julietand paste them off by calling them things lovers do. If I were Julietsdad, I would personally pick because neither both do not really Love mydaughter but I was asked to pick one so Paris would be the suitor. Pariswould be the suitor I would be most comfortable one with because ParissIdeas are just for marriage not for.sex. #6Capulets stand on marriage the first time is awkward because he does notwant to marry off Juliet to Paris just yet. He was being noble when he saidhe wanted Juliet to enjoy her childhood more. The thing is after Tybaltkills Mercutio (the princes cousin) Capulet thinks that the Prince must beangry with him so to try to get him happy (he thinks) he will marry Paris,who is another relative of the Prince, to Paris. Juliet is 13 which a youngage for girl to get married in our standards. #7Capulet does not drive Romeo out of because in his words he did not want toruin the party. He wanted a chance to get away from all the fighting andall of the constant feuding between the two families and I think Capuletknew that the city was tired of their feuding and in a way Im sure he knewwhen people came they were afraid that a Capulet and Montague fight wouldoccur. Capulet was happy of the high attendance and knew if he had a brawloccur that people would not come anymore because of the fear that a fightwould occur. #8Juliet was afraid that Romeo was just another player looking for a girl todo his thing with then leave her